{"id":21395,"date":"2023-01-29T17:43:21","date_gmt":"2023-01-30T01:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geocurrents.info\/?page_id=21395"},"modified":"2023-03-31T11:28:14","modified_gmt":"2023-03-31T19:28:14","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.geocurrents.info\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Latest Post<\/h4>\n
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\n \"Almost<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n December 11, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Almost All of the World’s Top Companies by Market Valuation Are Based in the United States <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
I was recently surprised to learn the extent to which the United States dominates the list of world\u2019s largest corporation by market…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Latest Post<\/h4>\n
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\n \"Cannabis<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n January 16, 2023<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Cannabis Legalization in the U.S. Elections of 2022 <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
The 2022 midterm elections in the United States had mixed results for cannabis legalization. Voters in Maryland and Missouri approved legalization measures,…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Currently Featured: Cannabis in California<\/a><\/h2>\n
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\n\t\t\t\tCannabis Legalization in the U.S. Elections of 2022<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\tThe Triumph of Illicit Cannabis Cultivation and Retailing In California and the Liquidation of the Artisanal Growers<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\tWhy Is Desert Hot Springs California\u2019s Emerging Center of Corporate Cannabis?<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\tThe Gargantuan Carbon Footprint of Corporate Cannabis<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\tThe Carbon Footprint of Artisanal Cannabis Cultivation in California<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\tThe Cannabis Conundrum: Is California a Pseudo-Green State?<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\tThe Historical Geography of Psychoactive Substances: GeoCurrents Lecture Series on YouTube<\/a>
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\n\t\t\t\tLectures on Psychoactive Substances Available on YouTube<\/a>
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All Articles<\/h2>\n
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\n \"Almost<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n December 11, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Almost All of the World’s Top Companies by Market Valuation Are Based in the United States <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
I was recently surprised to learn the extent to which the United States dominates the list of world\u2019s largest corporation by market capitalization. As the chart posted below shows, the seven most valuable companies are headquartered in the U.S., as…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"My<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n December 10, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n My Map of Climes: Latitudinal Zones Defined by Earth\/Sun Relations <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(Note: This is the final post in a long series on basic physical geography, which was originally designed to help educators teach the subject. As the series progressed, however, posts have strayed outside the pedagogical realm. I do hope to…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"More<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n December 8, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n More Cartographic Misinformation on Global Climate Zones <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
In searching the internet for climate maps that might be useful for educational purposes, I have continued to be disappointed and occasionally dumbfounded. Many highly ranked maps provide outright misinformation. Consider, for example, the two maps posted below, both of…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"The<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n December 5, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n The Incoherent Concept of the Subtropics <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
The previous GeoCurrents post harshly criticized several climate maps for extending the subtropical zones too far toward the poles. But after doing a little casual research, I was chagrined to discover that these maps largely fit the formal, or \u201cgeographical,\u201d…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Avoiding<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n December 3, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Avoiding Misinformation When Teaching the Geography of Climate; Part 2, Climate Maps <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As noted in the previous post, many educational climate maps that rank high in internet image searches are based on a simplistic climatic model that is too focused on latitude. In this post, I scrutinize and criticize four such maps.…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Avoiding<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n December 2, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Avoiding Misinformation When Teaching the Geography of Climate, Part 1 <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As earlier GeoCurrents posts in the current series on educational geography have noted, sun angles, which are determined by latitude, play a huge role in shaping the geography of climate. Simply put, the lower the latitude of any given location,…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Time<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 28, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Time Zones Are Based on Longitude Overruled by Political Geography <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As the previous GeoCurrents post noted, longitude is to a significant extent a matter of time. Historically, every town kept its own time based on its longitude. Wherever you found yourself, \u201cnoon\u201d was the moment when the sun reached its…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"If<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 24, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n If Latitude Is about Sun Angles, Longitude Is about Time <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As was noted in an earlier post, most maps made in the 1500s and 1600s were relatively accurate in the north\/south direction but often strikingly inaccurate in the east\/west direction. This discrepancy was because latitude was relatively easy to determine…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"The<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 21, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n The Misperceived Directional Orientation of the East Coast of North America <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
I had decided to move on from exploring the priority of north & south over east & west, but I realized that the most prominent example in the United States had escaped my attention: the northeast coast. Although this coast…<\/div>\n
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\n \"Teaching<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 20, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Teaching the Cardinal Directions to Young Students <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
Learning the cardinal directions is an important but often neglected aspect of early geographical education. It is my impression that the understanding of cardinal directions, like most other aspects of geography, is in sharp decline. There are several reasons for…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Why<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 19, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Why the Cardinal Directions Are Often Misperceived at Stanford University <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
People vary greatly in their ability to orient themselves by the cardinal direction. But even those with a good sense of direction tend to get confused in certain places. In my experience, Stanford University is a particularly bad place for…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"The<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 18, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n The North\/South Direction Takes Priority Over the East\/West Direction, Generating Some Confusion <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As recent GeoCurrents posts have argued, latitude is distinctive from longitude, just as the \u00a0north\/south direction is distinctive from the east\/west direction. To put it simply, longitude, like east and west, is relative, whereas latitude, like north and south, is…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Just<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 15, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Just as Longitude Is Not Like Latitude, East\/West Is Not Like North\/South <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
The cardinal directions seem to be equivalent concepts and certainly appear that way on maps and globes. Everywhere on Earth, one might assume, the north\/south axis is perpendicular the east\/west axis, with the four lines that indicate the cardinal directions…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Longitude<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 6, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Longitude Is Not Like Latitude <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
At first glance, latitude and longitude seem like equivalent concepts. On any local-scale map, lines of latitude (parallels) and longitude (meridians) form a grid, with the two sets of lines intersecting at 90\u00b0 angles. On such maps, lines of longitude…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"As<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 4, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n As Can Be Seen on Old Maps, Latitude \u2013 Unlike Longitude \u2013 Has Long Been Easy to Measure <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
Latitude, as we have seen, is closely connected to midday sun angles. Because of this relationship, latitude has long been relatively simply to measure. Four hundred years ago, navigators could easily determine how far they were to the north or…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"The<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n November 3, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n The Geometrical Relationship Between Latitude and Sun Angles <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This post is part of a long GeoCurrents series aimed at helping parents and teachers instruct students in basic geography. The material at the end of this post is most appropriate for students at the middle- and high-school levels.) Now…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Defining<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 31, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Defining and Measuring Lines of Latitude <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This is the tenth post in a series aimed at helping parents home-school their children, aimed those who live in Bozeman, Montana. It is, however, misplaced in the sequence, as it should come after the post on the rotation of…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Changing<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 28, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Changing Sun Angles and the March of the Seasons <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As the previous post explained, seasonal temperature changes are mostly caused by changes in the midday sun angle. By why does the height of the sun above the horizon vary at different times of the year? The key factor here…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Explaining<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 27, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Explaining Seasons 1: The Importance of Sun Angles <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This is the eighth post in a series aimed at helping parents home-school their children.) Now that we have gone through the preliminary materials on basic global geography, it is time to take up a much larger issue: seasons and…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Great<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 26, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Great Circles: Finding the Shortest Distance Between any Two Places \u2013 and the Failure of AI <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This is the seventh post in a series aimed at helping parents home-school their children.) As was noted in the previous post, hemispheres are created by conceptually slicing a globe through its center. The dividing line between the two hemispheres…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Dividing<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 25, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Dividing the World into Hemispheres — and the Problems that Result <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This is the sixth post in a series aimed at helping parents home-school their children. It is, however, misplaced in the sequence, as it should come immediately after the post on the rotation of the Earth. Once all the posts…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Explaining<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 21, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Explaining the Tilt of the Earth\u2019s Axis and Its Importance <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This is the fifth post in a series aimed at helping parents home-school their children.) After having covered the Earth\u2019s daily rotation, it is time to consider the tilt of its axis. Here a little basic geometry is necessary, focused…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Explaining<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 19, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Explaining the Rotation of the Earth and Its Speed <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This is the fourth post in a series aimed at helping parents home-school their children.) One of the first geography lessons for young students should involve spinning a globe to show the Earth\u2019s daily rotation around its axis. For younger…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Invert<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 18, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Invert Your Globe Occasionally; Sometimes Use a World Map with South at the Top <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
Early geography lessons should try to break some misleading habits of thought about the world and its orientation. Principal among these is the idea that north is \u201cup\u201d and south is \u201cdown,\u201d and that as a result the North Pole…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Elementary<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 17, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Elementary Geography 2: Explaining the Size of the Earth to Young Students <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This is the second post in a series aimed at helping parents home-school their children.) As students gain familiarity with a globe, they need to grasp the size of the planet that it represents. It is a simple matter to…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Elementary<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 16, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Elementary Geography 1: Why Geographical Instruction Should Begin with a Globe <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
(This is the first of a series of posts aimed at helping parents home-school their children.) Although I love maps and use them extensively when teaching geography, I firmly believe that elementary instruction should begin with a globe. Throughout the…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"New<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n October 15, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n New GeoCurrents Series on Elementary Geography <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As regular readers probably noticed, GeoCurrents abruptly ceased posting at the end of July, 2025, just after having promised a new series on the Druze. Family considerations figured prominently in this cessation. A few months earlier, my son and daughter-in-law…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Is<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n July 29, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Is Apple Maps Erasing Druze Identity by Calling the \u201cJabal al-Druze\u201d the \u201cJabal al-Arab\u201d? <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
Armed conflict over the past few weeks in southern Syria between the Druze and Bedouin militias receiving help from the Syrian military have taken over a thousand lives. As reported in the Kurdish press, Tawfiq al-Hijri, Deputy Head of the…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Wolves<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n July 27, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Wolves in the Gaza Strip? The Geography of the Coyote-Like Arabian Wolf <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
The gray wolf is usually seen as a wilderness species, an animal that needs vast expanses of habitat far from human concentrations, as well as sizable populations of large herbivores to prey upon. Yet many distribution maps, including one featured…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Mapping<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n July 23, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Mapping the Return of the Gray Wolf to California <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
One of the most surprising aspects of the recovery of the gray wolf in the United States is the return of the species to California. Wolves had been eliminated from the state in the 1920s and were not expected to…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"The<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n July 16, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n The Controversial Expansion of Gray Wolves in the United States <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As discussed in the previous post, the gray wolf has made a remarkable but controversial recovery in Europe. The same is true in the United States. In the mid twentieth century, wolves were found only in Alaska, far northeastern Minnesota,…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Mapping<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n July 13, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Mapping the Return of Wolves in Europe <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
As I was preparing to resume posting on GeoCurrents after a short hiatus, I decided to examine recent posts on the fascinating but unfortunately named Reddit site called \u201cMapPorn.\u201d As always, I was struck by many contributions, but what really…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article>\n
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\n \"Part<\/a>\n <\/div>\n
\n June 24, 2025<\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n

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\n Part 2 of \u201cThe Myth of Continents Revisisited\u201d Video Posted on YouTube <\/a>
\n <\/h2>\n
The second half of my lecture on continents has been posted on YouTube and can be found here. It begins with the geological conception of the terms \u201ccontinent\u201d and \u201ccontinental,\u201d and then pivots to show why the continental scheme is…<\/div>\n
Read more<\/i><\/a><\/div>\n<\/article><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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View All Articles<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Latest Post Latest Post Currently Featured: Cannabis in California All Articles<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":21247,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":".latest {\n\tmargin: 0 !important;\n}\n\n.cv-read-more a {\n\tbackground-color: var(--ast-global-color-0);\n\tcolor: white;\n\tfont-weight: bold;\n\ttext-decoration: none!important;\n\tpadding: 10px 30px !important;\n\tborder-radius: 10px;\n}\n\n.cv-block.cv-block-grid--layout-two .cv-post-wrapper article { \n\tborder-radius: 20px;\n\tbox-shadow: 1px 1px 8px grey;\n\tmax-width: 100%;\n}\n\n.cv-block.cv-block-grid--layout-two .cv-post-wrapper article:hover { \n\tbox-shadow: 1px 1px 12px grey;\n}\n\n.cv-block.cv-block-grid--layout-two .cv-post-wrapper article img { \n\tborder-radius: 20px 20px 0px 0px;\n}\n\narticle.cv-post a {\n\ttext-decoration: none !important;\n\ttext-align: left;\n}\n\narticle.cv-post {\n\ttext-align: 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