{"id":23917,"date":"2025-12-10T10:30:33","date_gmt":"2025-12-10T18:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.geocurrents.info\/?p=23917"},"modified":"2025-12-10T10:32:10","modified_gmt":"2025-12-10T18:32:10","slug":"my-map-of-climes-latitudinal-zones-defined-by-earth-sun-relations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.geocurrents.info\/blog\/2025\/12\/10\/my-map-of-climes-latitudinal-zones-defined-by-earth-sun-relations\/","title":{"rendered":"My Map of Climes: Latitudinal Zones Defined by Earth\/Sun Relations"},"content":{"rendered":"

(Note: This is the final post in a long series on basic physical geography, which was originally designed to help educators teach the subject. As the series progressed, however, posts have strayed outside the pedagogical realm. I do hope to return eventually to the original project and write more short essays on the fundamentals of global climatology, landforms, biogeography, and so. But for the time being, I am eager to move on to other topics.)<\/p>\n

As I have been harshly critical of latitude-based climate maps, it is only fitting to offer an alternative, which can be found below. Note that I do not label this scheme as a \u201cclimate map,\u201d but instead return to the ancient Greek term \u201cclime<\/a>.\u201d A clime is closely related to a climate zone but is not the same, as it based strictly on latitude, ignoring the other factors that determine climate. As such, it could be described as an \u201cEarth-sun relations map,\u201d one that mostly indicates zones of seasonally changing sun angles and day lengths.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Modern Map of Climes<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

This is an admittedly an idiosyncratic map, as it reflects my own perspective that insists on differentiating climate zones from climes. As argued in a previous post, I reject the conventional definition of the \u201csubtropics<\/a>\u201d as extending to 35\u00b0 or even 40\u00b0 latitude, as it encompasses vast swaths of land that regularly experience severe cold, precluding subtropical vegetation. I also find it unreasonable to place well over half of the world\u2019s landmass in zones that use the term \u201ctopic\u201d in their labels [1]. Such a scheme also unduly restricts the temperate belts. The subarctic zone, according to the Wikipedia article<\/a> on the topic, can extend as far toward the Equator as 50\u00b0 latitude. This definition is true in a climatic sense [2]. But if such a latitudinal delineation of the subarctic zone is used in combination with the maximal definition of the subtropical zone, the temperate belts would be restricted to a mere ten degrees of latitude north and south of the Equator (40\u00b0 to 50\u00b0).<\/p>\n

A few additional explanatory notes are needed for my map of climes. Following the standard convention, my tropical zone extends from 23.4\u00b0 N to 23.4\u00b0 S. Within this belt, between 5\u00b0 N and 5\u00b0 S, I have added an equatorial sub-zone. I differentiate the equatorial latitudes because they experience high sun angles at midday throughout the year, unlike the outer tropics. More significant is the fact that tropical cyclones are unknown in the equatorial belt, due to the absence of spin provided by the Coriolis pseudo-force<\/a>, as can be seen in the map posted below.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Map of Tropical Cyclones Indicating Absence in the Equatorial Belt<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

Following the norm, I have delineated subtropical zones on the poleward sides of the tropics, but I have unconventionally restricted them to 30\u00b0 latitude. I do this partly to match the common perception of the term \u201csubtropics\u201d in the United States, but mostly because I think that zones conceptualized in terms of adjacent zones should be relatively narrow. The admittedly arbitrary 30\u00b0 limit was chosen mostly because it is a round number that is easy to remember.<\/p>\n

Broad mid-latitude zones are found on my map between 30\u00b0 and 60\u00b0 north and south of the Equator. This definition puts the midlatitudes in the same general angular range as the two other primary climes: the tropical and arctic\/antarctic zones (a 30\u00b0 span for each midlatitude zone, a 46.8\u00b0 span for the tropical zone, and a 23.6\u00b0 span for each \u201carctic\u201d zone). Because my midlatitude belts are so wide, I have subdivided them into inner (toward the Equator) and outer (toward the poles) zones. The division line is placed at 45\u00b0 N & S, the latitude halfway between the poles and the Equator.<\/p>\n

My subarctic and subantarctic zones follow the same general logic used for my subtropical zones. They are thus mapped as extending between the arctic\/antarctic circles and 60\u00b0 N & S.<\/p>\n

Finally, following standard conventions, I have designated arctic and antarctic zones as extending from the poles to the arctic and antarctic circles. In both cases, I have distinguished polar subzones at latitudes higher than 80\u00b0. Here the midday sun angle is always low and most of the year is characterized by either continual daylight or continual night.<\/p>\n

[1] ChatGPT tells me, that \u201cSome geography-climate sources suggest that the \u201ctropical + subtropical\u201d belt (which roughly approximates 40\u00b0 S to 40\u00b0 N, depending on definition) includes a substantial majority<\/strong> of Earth\u2019s land. For example \u2014 although exact slicing by latitude is more complex \u2014 one review of land-area distributions finds that when land is mapped by latitudinal bands, the tropical and near-tropical bands dominate global land area.”<\/p>\n

[2]. In the Southern Hemosphere, subarctic climates extend into latitudes lower than 50\u00b0. In the Kerguelen Islands, at 49\u00b0 S, the daily mean temperature in the warmest month is a chilly 8.6\u00b0 F (47.5\u00b0 C), which, according to the K\u00f6ppen climate classification system, makes it a \u201ctundra climate.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Wikipedia Map of Kerguelen Islands<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Wikipedia Climate Table of the Kerguelen Islands<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Note: This is the final post in a long series on basic physical geography, which was originally designed to help educators teach the subject. As the series progressed, however, posts have strayed outside the pedagogical realm. I do hope to return eventually to the original project and write more short essays on the fundamentals of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":23918,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[4549,4101],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-article-grid","category-geographical-education"],"geo":null,"yoast_head":"\nMy Map of Climes: Latitudinal Zones Defined by Earth\/Sun Relations - GeoCurrents<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.geocurrents.info\/blog\/2025\/12\/10\/my-map-of-climes-latitudinal-zones-defined-by-earth-sun-relations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"My Map of Climes: Latitudinal Zones Defined by Earth\/Sun Relations - GeoCurrents\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"(Note: This is the final post in a long series on basic physical geography, which was originally designed to help educators teach the subject. 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